A revealing conversation between Paris Marx, Alex Hanna, and Emily M. Bender exposes the realities behind artificial intelligence hype and offers concrete strategies to resist the tech industry’s exaggerated narratives.
The AI Investment Paradox
Despite questionable results, AI investment continues to grow. An IBM study from May 2025 revealed alarming data: only 25% of AI initiatives delivered expected return on investment, and merely 16% managed to scale enterprise-wide. Paradoxically, 68% of companies still plan to continue investing.
Media and Hype Perpetuation
The authors of “The AI Con” criticize the media’s role in maintaining hype, especially journalists who uncritically use the term “artificial intelligence.” They identify a dichotomy between AI “doomers” and “boosters” – groups that, despite opposite perspectives, share the belief that AI is imminent and all-powerful.
Education and Work Impacts
The integration of generative AI in education concerns experts. Emily Bender suggests ChatGPT should only be used as a “contrast test” to identify where more resources are needed. Concerns extend to work displacement, especially in journalism, science, and medicine.
Resistance Strategies
For individuals, the authors recommend:
- Asking critical questions about automation
- Questioning inevitability narratives
- Practicing “strategic refusal”
- Seeking collective solutions through unions and communities
The central message is clear: everyone has agency and relevant expertise, regardless of their technical skills.